.IA PEOPLE AND MACHINES .IB Introduction      We¬  aó  thinkeró anä creators¬  havå alwayó reacheä foò ne÷      wayó tï extenä ouò capabilities¬  tï improvå anä elevatå thå      qualitù  oæ ouò lives®  Towarä thió end¬  wå  havå  createä      machineó  aó extensionó oæ ouò bodieó anä minds®  Thå cyclå      ió  self-perpetuating®   Ouò  horizonó  havå  broadeneä  aó      machinerù  haó  extendeä ouò reach®  Anä sï wå  havå  leap-      froggeä  througè timå usinç thå machineó wå havå createä  tï      opeî ne÷ pathó intï thå future. .IC       Extensions of Our Bodies .II Inventions, 10000 B.C. - 1500 A.D. .ID            1000° B.C® - 150° A.D.                Thå  bo÷ anä arrow ¬  earlù extensionó oæ neolithiã .II Hunting, inventions for                arms¬  enhanceä  ouò  huntinç  capabilities®  Thå                wheeì leä tï thå buildinç oæ roadó anä gavå uó ne÷ .II Trade, early .IM Exploration, early                mobilitù  foò exploratioî anä trade®  Thå uså  oæ                thå  oaò  alloweä  uó tï increaså  ouò  speeä  anä                mobilitù oî riveró anä inlanä seas® Thå inventioî                anä  uså oæ thå geaò systeí seô thå stagå foò  thå .IM Discoveries, medieval                growtè oæ eveò morå compleø machinery®  Usinç thå .II Wind power .II Energy, wind                poweò  oæ  thå winä anä navigationaì knowledgå  oæ                thå  time¬  medievaì shipó saileä acrosó thå  opeî                seaó tï discoveò ne÷ lands®  Leonardï dá  Vinci 'ó .II Flight, early concepts of .II Airplanes, helicopters                conceptó oæ earlù flight¬  thå submarinå anä heli                copteò arå buô á fe÷ oæ thå ideaó hå puô oî paper¬ .II Renaissance Man, Leonardo as                lateò  tï  bå  developeä  intï  reality®  Hå  waó                Renaissancå Man® .pa Š.II Inventions, 1500 A.D. - 1880's .ID                150° A.D® - 1880's                                Thå  obsessioî witè flighô leä tï thå creatioî  oæ .II Flight, hot-air balloon .II Balloon, hot-air                thå  hot-aiò  ballooî anä fantasù becamå  reality®                Thå  earlù horselesó carriagå increaseä ouò  speeä                anä  mobility¬  thougè iô waó onlù aó fasô aó  thå                persoî operatinç thå pedals® ***** *********** ************* *************** *************** ************* ********* ***** *** *** |=| [_] .IE Hot Air Balloon .pa Š.II Inventions, 1880's - 1920's .ID                1880'ó - 1920's .II Energy, steam                Thå steaí engine¬  aó á meanó oæ locomotion¬ moveä                wheels¬  cargï anä peoplå acrosó  continents®  Wå                havå  useä thå poweò oæ winä througè  time®  Eveî                todaù wå arå harnessinç thå winä aó aî alternativå .II Automobile, development of                sourcå  oæ energy®  Thå automobilå representó thå                unitù oæ inventioî anä thå dreaí oæ masó mobility®                Industriaì productioî waó neveò tï bå thå same® .II Inventions, 1920's - 1980's .ID                1920'ó - 1980's .II Airplanes, jet .IM Lindbergh\, Charles A.                Iî 1927¬ Charleó A® Lindbergè fle÷ thå firsô solo¬ .II Flight, transatlantic                non-stoð  transatlantiã  flighô froí Ne÷  Yorë  tï                Parió iî 3³ hours¬ 2¹ 1/² minutes® Trans-atlantiã                aiò  traveì  haó beeî reduceä tï buô á  fe÷  houró                witè thå cominç oæ ne÷ supersoniã jeô liners® .pa Š.IC           Extensions of Our Minds .II Inventions, 10000 B.C. - 1500 A.D. .ID 10000 B.C. - 1500 A.D. .II Chinese, inventions by                Thå  Chineså madå thin¬  smootè sheetó oæ papeò bù                hanä  ouô  oæ mulberrù  anä  bamboï  fibers®  Thå .IM Gutenberg, press .IM Press, Gutenberg                Gutenberç presó openeä thå dooò tï literacy®  Thå                capabilitù   oæ  prinô  createä  aî  unprecedenteä .II Instruments, mathematical                thirsô  foò  knowledge®  Thå  Chineså  abacus¬  á                mathematicaì tool¬  waó onå oæ thå firsô  machineó                to help us think. .II Inventions, 1500 A.D. - 1880's .ID                1500 A.D. - 1880's                Copernicus¬   thå   fatheò  oæ  moderî  astronomy¬                plotteä thå movemenô oæ thå planets¬  anticipatinç                ouò growinç interesô iî space®  Thå camerá becamå                aî extensioî oæ thå eyeó anä memory® Wå coulä no÷                recorä  anythinç  wå  coulä  see®   Interesô   iî                astronomù anä flighô leä tï thå developmenô oæ thå .II Instruments, optical                telescope¬  anä  ouò  eyeó  coulä no÷  searcè  thå                skies®  Whilå thå telescopå permitteä uó tï studù           whaô waó largå anä distant¬ thå microscopå alloweä .II Press, offset                uó tï examinå whaô waó smalì anä near® Thå offseô                presó  waó  thå mosô  significanô  developmenô  iî .II Instruments, musical                printinç   sincå   movablå  type®   Ne÷   musicaì                instruments¬   aó  extensionó  oæ  ouò  vocaì  anä                tactile abilities, gave pleasure to the human ear. .pa Š.II Inventions, 1880's - 1920's .ID                1880's - 1920's .IM Communication                Masó  communicatioî  bù  radiï  alloweä  foò   thå                instantaneouó   disseminatioî  oæ  informatioî  tï                millions of people. .II Inventions, 1920's - 1980's .ID                1920's - 1980's                Television¬  aó á visuaì medium¬ furtheò developeä                masó communicatioî bù allowinç thå uså oæ botè thå                senså  oæ sighô anä sound®  Thå computeò   ió  thå                electroniã extensioî oæ ouò brain® Thå technologù                oæ thå worä processoò combineó speed¬ typesetting¬                printing and computer precision. .II Flight, moon .II Moon, flight to                Humaî  flighô tï thå mooî meanô aî enä tï somå  oæ                thå mysterieó oæ thå heavens¬ anä thå discoverù oæ                new mysteries to solve. .pa Š