Notes on Syntax

filespec is a full file specification containing the filename (up to eight characters long, with numbers allowed after the first character), the "/" character which separates the filename from the extension, the extension itself which can be up to three characters long. If the file has a password, it comes next, separated by a "." (period) character and up to eight characters. Finally comes the drive specification, which consists of a colon (":") and a number from 0 to 7, depending on the drive.

To be a filespec, you need at least a file name. All the rest can be left off. Here are some simple examples of valid filespecs:

   mytest/fil:0
   yourpwd/fil.yourpass
   nextfile.password
   test:3

A partspec is a partial filespec. It is used when you want to do something to a bunch of files that are similar. For example, if you wanted to delete all the files on drive :3 with the extension of /BAS, you would enter the command:

    REMOVE /BAS:3

Where :d shows up, means a drive number, from 0 through 7. On the TRS-80 machines, the drive number comes after the filename, and is separated by a colon. In other words, to reference the file named SOMESTUF/TXT on drive 1, the filespec would be "SOMESTUF/TXT:1".

When you see *devspec it means a device name. Device names are usually two characters long and are things like *KI for the keyboard device, *DO for the display device, *PR for the printer and *CL for the RS-232 comm port. The asterisk is a required part of the name, by the way.

Optional parts, such as the word "TO" you will see enclosed in square brackets. These do not need to by typed in, but you can if you want. Sometimes a parameter will be shown separated from another by a vertical bar, such as in "filespec|devspec". This means that either may be used.

When a command takes parameters, these must be enclosed in parentheses. For example, when you are backing up invisible files from drive :0 to drive :1, the parameter to the BACKUP command that tells it to include those invisible files is specified as "(INV)" on the command line, such as:

   BACKUP /CMD:0 :1 (INV,NEW)

Sometimes, a parameter will be specified as X'##', or something similar. This is the TRS-80 way of showing hexadecimal values. You may be more familiar with them being specified as 0x1234 or &H1234 or some other form of notation. You'll need to learn the TRS-80 way, which is X'1234'.

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APPEND

Append copies the contents of "filespec1" or "*devspec" onto the end of "filespec2". The source file is not affected by this operation, while the destination file is extended to include the contents of the source. If the source is a file, the two files must have the same LRL or APPEND will abort.

Syntax:

   APPEND filespec1|*devspec [TO] filespec2 [(parameter)]

Parameters:

   ECHO    Displays the character stream of a device.
   STRIP   Backspaces the destination file 1-byte before appending.

ATTRIB

Alters/removes protection status by changing passwords and/or degree of access. Alters the disk name and master password. Also, locks or unlocks all visible, non-system files. Enclose passwords and names in quotes.

Syntax:

   ATTRIB filespec (parameter)
   ATTRIB :d (parameter)

Parameters for filespec attributes:

   Owner=    Changes owner password
   Vis       Makes an invisible file visible
   Inv       Makes a visible file invisible
   Prot=     Sets protection level
              NO        No access without owner password
              EXec      Execute only
              REad      Read, execute
              UPdate    Update, read, execute
              WRite     Write, update, read, execute
              ReName    Rename, write, update, read, execute
              ReMove    Remove, rename, write, update, read, execute
              FUll      Total access, including setting attributes

Parameters for disk attributess:

   Lock      Adds the current disk master password to all visible, non-system
             files that are not protected
   Unlock    Removes the owner password from all visible, non-system files
             that have passwords matching the disk's master password
   Mpw=      Allows passing of the disk's current master password in the ATTRIB
             command
   Name=     Changes disk name
   PW=       Changes disk master password

AUTO

Stores a command line for automatic execution upon startup. Press <ENTER> during startup to suppress AUTO. Omitting all parameters deletes the current AUTO command line.

Syntax:

   AUTO [=|?][:d] [*][command line]

   *         Disables <BREAK> and <ENTER> keys during BOOT
   :d        Stores the AUTO command on :d
   ?:d       Displays the AUTO command on :d
   =:d       Executes the AUTO command on :d

BACKUP

Duplicates a disk; Enclose password and dates in quotes

Syntax:

   BACKUP :s :d [(parameter)] 
   BACKUP -partspec|partspec:s :d [(parameter)] 

Parameters:
   Query     Prompts before moving each file
   MPW=      Specifies source disk master password
   Sys       Includes system files
   Inv       Includes invisible files
   Mod       Includes modified files only
   Old       Duplicates only files already on destination disk
   New       Duplicates only files NOT on destination disk
   X         Allows backups without system disk
   Date=     Specifies creation date of files to back up
               mm/dd/yy           files created on date
               -mm/dd/yy          files created on or before date
               mm/dd/yy-          files created on or after date
               mm/dd/yy-mm/dd/yy  files created on or between dates

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BOOT

Resets the system; You can alter the BOOT procedure by holding down special keys while the operating system is booting up.

Syntax:

   BOOT [keys]

The keys are:

   <CLEAR>       Suppresses SYSGENed configuration
   <ENTER>       Suppresses breakable AUTO
   <D>           Enters debug, no configuration occurs

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BREF

Provides a cross reference listing of a BASIC program; The program cannot be saved in ASCII or the protected mode.

Syntax:

   BREF filespec [(parameters)]

Parameters:

   Var=OFF   Disables cross referencing of variables
   Line=ON   Enables cross referencing of line numbers
   P         Send output to the printer rather than the video
   W=n       Set printer width; The default is 80

BUILD

Lets you create and save a file of character strings; BUILD is mainly used to create ASCII files for DO, KSM, and PATCH.

Syntax:

   BUILD filespec [(parameter)]

Parameters:

   Hex       Accepts data in hexadecimal format only
   Append    Appends data to filespec

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CAT

Same as DIR with the A parameter turned off

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CLICK/FLT

CLICK/FLT is a device filter which produces a tone when a character appears on the device that is filtered with it. If the parameter (Char=nn) is not specified, all characters will cause the filter to click. This may not be a good thing if the filter is applied to the display (*DO) device.

Syntax:

   SET *CF CLICK/FLT [(parameter)]
   FILTER *devspec *CF (Note: *devspec is usually *KI)

Parameter:

   Char=nn   Produces a sound when the character nn is encountered; nn is a 
             value 1-255.  Other characters will not cause a sound.

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CLS

Clears the screen and homes the cursor

Syntax:

   CLS

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COM/DVR

Loads the RS232-C serial communications driver into memory

Syntax:

   SET *CL [TO] COM/DVR 

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COMM

Lets two computers communicate via a device (usually *CL); Before using *CL, install COM/DVR with the SET command.

Syntax:

 COMM *devspec [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   XlateS=X'aabb'      (Send) Translates character aa to bb
   XlateR=X'aabb'      (Receive) Translates character aa to bb
   XON=X'cc'           Changes XON character
   XOFF=X'cc'          Changes XOFF character
   Null=OFF            Prevents X'00' from being received

(Note: In the key sequences below, <CL> means <CLEAR> and <SH> means shift.

Key Sequence  Device Called       Devspec
<CL><1>       Keyboard            *KI
<CL><2>       Video               *DO
<CL><3>       Printer             *PR
<CL><4>       Comm Line           *CL
<CL><5>       File Send           *FS
<CL><6>       File Receive        *FR

Key Sequence  Action Performed
<CL><7>       Dumps data obtained in *FR area to disk
<CL><8>       Displays menu
<CL><9>       Specifies send/receive filespec (used with <CL><5> and <CL><6>)
<CL><0>       Closes receive/send file
<CL><:>       Turns on devices, receive or transmit
<CL><->       Turns off devices, receive or transmit
<CL><SH><1>   Toggles duplex on (half-duplex) and off (full-duplex)
<CL><SH><2>   Toggles HOST to echo received data
<CL><SH><3>   Toggles insert of linefeed character after receiving a CR
<CL><SH><4>   Toggles selective linefeed mode
<CL><SH><5>   Rewinds an *FR or *FS file
<CL><SH><6>   Positions to end of *FR file to append data
<CL><SH><7>   Displays control characters received
<CL><SH><8>   Clears local screen (CLS), does not affect buffers
<CL><SH><9>   Toggles 8-bit receive (SETCOM must be set to 8)
<CL><SH><0>   Allows use of TRSDOS/LS-DOS library command
<CL><SH><*>   Toggles XON/XOFF protocol
<CL><SH><->   Return to TRSDOS/LS-DOS

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CONV

Converts files from Model III TRSDOS 1.3 to Model 4 TRSDOS/LS-DOS 6.X; Requires 2 drives.

Syntax:

   CONV [partspec|-partspec]:s :d [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Query     Prompts before converting each file
   Dir       Displays directory of TRSDOS 1.3 disk
   Vis       Converts only visible files
   Inv       Includes invisible files
   Sys       Includes system files
   New       Includes only files that are not on the destination drive
   Old       Includes files that are on the destination drive

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COPY

Copies data from a file/device to another file/device

Syntax:

   COPY filespec1|*devspec [TO] filespec2|*devspec [(parameter)] 
   COPY filespec:d (X) 

Parameters:

   Lrl=n     Sets logical record length of destination
   Clone=NO  Does not duplicate the attributes
   Echo      Displays character from devspec
   X         Allows a single-drive copy

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CREATE

Creates a file and reserves space on the disk for future use.

Syntax:

   CREATE filespec (parameter) 

Parameters:
   Fill=n    Fills the created file with this byte, if entered
   Lrl=n     Sets the logical record length; n is a value 1-256
   Rec=n     Allocates n records of LRL length
   Size=n    Allocates K-bytes of space; If you use SIZE=, do not use LRL/REC
   SHRINK    Constructs file for future deallocation of space

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DATE

Either sets or displays the current date. Omitting mm/dd/yy causes the DATE command to display the current date.

Syntax:

 DATE [mm/dd/yy] 

Note: The supported date range varies, depending on whether TRSDOS 6.x or LS-DOS 6.3 is being used. TRSDOS 6 only allowed dates from 01/01/80 through 12/31/87. The updated LS-DOS 6.3 allows dates in the range of 01/01/1980 through 12/31/2011. Enter 1980-1999 as 80-99; 2000-2011 as 00-11.

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DATECONV

This command is only found in LS-DOS 6.3. It converts TRSDOS 6.2 or earlier data disks to the new 6.3 time/date usage. TRSDOS 6 System disks must first have LS-DOS 6.3 system files moved onto them with the command BACKUP /SYS:0 :d (S)

Syntax:

   DATECONV :d

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DEBUG

Sets up the debug monitor for testing and debugging programs.

Syntax:

   DEBUG [(ON|OFF)] [(E)] 

DEBUG commands; Extended debugger (E) commands are highlighted

   Ah        Begins ASCII modify at address h
   Ba,b,c    Moves memory block starting from address a to b for c bytes
   C         Executes call instruction; Single steps through code with CALLs
             executed
   Dh        Displays memory beginning at address h
   Eh        Enter hex data into memory at address h
   Fa,b,c    Fills memory from address a to b with byte c
   Ga,b,c    Begins execution at address a with breakpoints at b, c, etc
   Hh        Begins HEX modify at address h
   I         Single steps instruction pointed to by PC
   J         Increments the PC by one
   La,b      Locates first occurrence of byte b starting from address a
   N         Positions cursor to next load block
   O         Returns to LS-DOS Ready
   Pa,b      Prints memory block from address a to b
   Qa        Reads port a
   Qa,b      Writes byte b to port a
   Rrp,h     Modifies register pair rp to h
   S         Displays full screen mode
   Th        Begins ASCII modify at address h
   U         Updates display mode
   Va,b,c    Compares block of memory at a to b for c bytes
   Wa,b      Searches memory for word b starting at address a
   X         Displays in register mode
   ;         Advances memory display
   -         Decrements memory display

Debug Disk Read/Write Utility:

   d,cc,ss,rw,ad,ns = drive,cylinder,sector,R|W|*,address,# sectors

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DEVICE

Displays status of each drive and options in use.

Syntax:

   DEVICE [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   D=NO      Disables the display of drive information
   B=YES     Displays byte-oriented device information
   S=NO      Disables display of active options
   P=YES     Duplicates output to printer

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DIR

Displays detailed directory information for each file

Syntax:

   DIR [partspec|-partspec] [:][d] [-] [:][d] [(parameter)] 
         :d        specifies Drive d
         :d-       specifies Drive d through last drive
         :-d       specifies Drive 0 through Drive d
         :d1-d2    specifies Drive d1 through Drive d2
         Omit drive numbers to specify all available drives

Parameters:

   A=NO      Displays file names only
   Inv       Includes invisible, non-system files
   Mod       Displays only modified files
   N         Enables non-stop display mode (assumed if P is selected)
   P         Sends output to printer
   Sys       Includes system files
   Date=     Specifies creation date of files to display
              mm/dd/yy           files created on date
              -mm/dd/yy          files created on or before date
              mm/dd/yy-          files created on or after date
              mm/dd/yy-mm/dd/yy  files created on or between dates
   sOrt=NO   Displays directory in non-alphabetical order

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DISKCOPY

Does a single pass format and copy of a 5 inch double density disk.

Syntax:

   DISKCOPY :s :d

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DO

Compiles and executes a JCL file; Default extension is /JCL

Syntax:

   DO [control] filespec [(parameter)] [;] 

Control characters are:
   $           Compiles JCL file without execution
   =           Executes JCL file without compilation
   *           Executes SYSTEM/JCL file

Parameters:

   @LABEL      Starts JCL execution at specified label
   parm=value  Optional values passed to the JCL during compilation
   ;           Allows execution of command line longer than 74 characters

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DUMP

Copies an area of memory to a disk file

Syntax:

   DUMP filespec (parameter) 

Parameters:

   Start=    Starts dump at address specified (must be greater than X'2FFF')
   End=      Last address of dump
   Tra=      Execution transfer address
   Ascii     Specifies ASCII dump
   Etx=      Writes value to end of ASCII file

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FILTER

Filters data to or from a device

Syntax:

   FILTER *devspec1 [USING] *devspec2 

The second devspec usually is established by the SET command

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FLOPPY/DCT

Lets you define a logical drive as a floppy drive; Use FLOPPY/DCT with the SYSTEM command.

Syntax:

   SYSTEM (DRIVE=d,[DISABLE,]DRIVER="FLOPPY") 

Use DISABLE only if you have already assigned the requested slot.

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FORMAT

Organizes a disk into cylinders and sectors, and creates a directory.

Syntax:

   FORMAT [:d] [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Query     Prompts for parameters
   Name=     Assigns disk name
   Mpw=      Assigns master password
   SDEN      Specifies single density
   DDEN      Specifies double density
   SIDES=    Specifies number of sides (1,2)
   Cyl=      Specifies number of cylinders (35-96)
   STEP=     Sets boot track step rate (0-3)
   Dir=      Specifies directory cylinder
   Abs       Formats even if disk contains data; Useful for JCL files
   Wait=n    Adds additional settling delay after track step

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FORMS

Sets or displays parameters for the Forms filter (normally assigned as *FF). Omitting parameters displays the current settings.

Syntax:

   FORMS (parameter) 

To activate forms filter:

   SET *devspec [TO] FORMS 

To filter *PR device:

   FILTER *PR [USING] *devspec 

Parameters:

   Query           Prompts for each parameter
   Default         Sets all parameters to defaults
   Addlf           Inserts line feed after carriage return
   Chars=n         Sets characters-per-line (1-255)
   Ffhard          Issues form feeds rather than line feeds
   Indent=n        Indents n spaces on lines longer than CHARS=
   Lines=n         Sets lines to print per page; Default=66
   Margin=n        Sets left margin
   Page=n          Sets page length; Default=66 lines
   Tab             Expands tab characters into spaces
   Xlate=X'aabb'   Translates aa to bb

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FREE

Displays free space and number of files on available drives.

Syntax:

   FREE [:d] [(P)] 

Parameters:

   :d       Displays free space map for drive :d only
   P        Duplicates output to printer

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JOBLOG

Establishes Joblog; Route *JL to a filespec or devspec. When active, the job log will keep track of all commands entered at the DOS prompt.

Syntax:

   ROUTE *JL [TO] filespec|*devspec 

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KSM/FLT

Establishes the multiple keystroke filter, KSM/FLT.

Syntax:

   SET *devspec [TO] KSM/FLT [USING] filespec [(ENTER=)] 
   FILTER *KI *devspec 

Parameters:

   Enter=    Specifies the ASCII character that represents CR in a KSM file

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LIB

Syntax:

   LIB 

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LINK

Links two logical devices together.

Syntax:

   LINK *devspec1 [TO] *devspec2

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LIST

Displays the contents of a file in ASCII or Hexadecimal.

Syntax:

   LIST filespec [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Prt       Sends output to printer
   Ns=ON     Specifies continuous instead of paged listing
   Ascii8    Includes graphic and special characters
   NUM       Numbers lines in ASCII list
   Tab=n     Sets number of spaces between tab stops in ASCII list; Default=8
   LINE=n    Starts listing at line n in ASCII list
   Hex       Specifies hex format
   Rec=n     Starts listing at record n in HEX list
   Lrl=n     Sets logical record length in HEX list

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LOAD

Loads a machine language program file into memory without executing it.

Syntax:

   LOAD [(X)] filespec 

Parameter:

   X      Loads from a non-system disk

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LOG

Logs in a double-sided disk, minimum system disk, or full system disk in Drive 0. Use to change from one type system disk to another, such as double sided or a different density.

Syntax:

   LOG :d 

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MEMDISK/DCT

Assigns or releases a part of memory as a "pseudo" disk drive.

Syntax:

   SYSTEM (DRIVE=d,DRIVER="MEMDISK") 

When establishing Memdisk, a menu prompts you for memory bank, density, and format. You MUST format if you have not established Memdisk since power-up, BOOT, or a RESET.

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MEMORY

Reserves a portion of memory, sets HIGH$ and LOW$, modifies a memory address, displays a memory-resident module map, or jumps to a memory location.

Syntax:

   MEMORY [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   CLEAR=     Fills memory with hex value; Default=X'00'
   Print      Specifies output to printer
   High=n     Sets HIGH$; n must be less than current HIGH$
   Low=n      Sets LOW$
   Add=n      Displays word at address n or specifies address used with WORD= or
              BYTE=; You can display or modify flags A-Z by specifying the flag
              name as n (ADD="F")
   Word=n     Changes the contents of ADD and ADD+1 to n; n cannot equal 0
   Byte=n     Changes the contents of ADD to n; n cannot equal 255
   Go=n       Tranfers control to address n

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PATCH

Alters the contents of a disk file.

Command line method:

   PATCH filespec (patch commands) 

Patch commands:

   X'hhhh'=aa bb...    Changes data at address hhhh to value aa, hhhh+1 to bb
   Dr,b=aa bb ...      Changes data at byte b in record r to aa, b+1 to bb
   Fr,b=aa bb ...      Finds string aa bb... at byte b in record r; Use with
                       D patch or REMOVE
   Lnn                 Use to patch a library command

File method:

   PATCH filespec1 [USING] filespec2 [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Yank          Eliminates the results of an X'hhhh' type patch
   Remove        Eliminates the results of an Dr|Fr type patch
   O=N           Option to override match of "Fr,..." statements

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PURGE

Lets you delete files from a disk using the disk's master password

Syntax:

   PURGE [partspec|-partspec]:d [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Query=NO    Disables prompting
   Mpw=        Specifies disk master password
   Inv         Includes invisible files
   Sys         Includes system files
   Date=       Specifies creation date of files to purge
                mm/dd/yy           files created on date
                -mm/dd/yy          files created on or before date
                mm/dd/yy-          files created on or after date
                mm/dd/yy-mm/dd/yy  files created on or between dates

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REMOVE

Deletes files or devices

Syntax:

   REMOVE filespec|*devspec [filespec|*devspec] ...  

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RENAME

Changes the name of a file or device

Syntax:

   RENAME filespec1 [TO] filespec2 
   RENAME *devspec1 [TO] *devspec2 

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REPAIR

Permanently modifies Model I TRSDOS diskettes so LS-DOS 6.X can use them. Do not use REPAIR on TRSDOS 1.3 diskettes. Use CONV instead.

Syntax:

   REPAIR :d 

Secret parameter : (shh!)

   MPW=      This changes a HARD DRIVE'S master password without knowing what the
             password is! The reason for this so that if one is ever foolish
             enough to forget it, one need not discard several ones of dollars of
             HARD DRIVE and hundreds of programs. If security on a hard disk is
             desired, use REMOVE to delete REPAIR/CMD from the hard drive and keep
             a copy under lock and key. This does NOT work on floppy drives.

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RESET

Returns a device to its original startup condition; resets the "file open bit" or alters the LRL or DATE in the directory for a file

Syntax:

   RESET *devspec|filespec [(Parameter)]

Parameters:

   Lrl=n     Sets logical record length in directory; If omitted,
             only the "file open bit" will be reset
   Date=ON   Sets the file's date and time to current system date and time
   DATE=OFF  Resets the file's dating to pre-6.3; "user password" to blank

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ROUTE

Routes a device to another device, to a disk file, or to nothing (NIL). Also creates a device.

Syntax:

   ROUTE *devspec1 [TO] *devspec2 
   ROUTE *devspec [TO] filespec [(parameter)] 
   ROUTE *devspec [TO] (Nil) 

Parameter:

   Rewind     Resets the file pointer to the beginning of the file. Existing
              data can be reread or overwritten

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RSFORM6

Used to format hard disk drives instead of the FORMAT command. The hard drive must have been established with RSHARD6/DCT.

Syntax:

   RSFORM6 [:d][(parameters)] 

Parameters

   MPW=           Specifies the disk master password
   Name=          Specifies the disk pack name
   NOSTOP         Specifies to proceed with formatting regardless of the drive's
                  contents.  Use with extreme caution.
   System         If specified, causes the formatter to only rewrite the drive's
                  directory contents, effectively erasing all files on the disk.
   Verify=ON|OFF  Specifies verification after format [ON]

You are prompted for the drive number, name, and master password, if not specified on the command line. If the drive has been previously formatted you must supply the old master password or the system will abort the format.

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RSHARD6/DCT

This is the driver used for hard drives. It is installed by means of the SYSTEM command as follows:

Syntax:

   SYSTEM (DRIVE=d,[DISABLE,]DRIVER="RSHARD6") 

   disable is used only if the requested slot is already in use. The following
   questions are asked if the hard drive is being established for the first time:
         1         Enter step rate for drive [0-10*]
         2         Enter drive select address <1-2> and F;R
         3         Enter physical tracks per surface [3-1024*]
         4         Enter the total number of heads on drive <1-8>
         5         Enter number of heads for partition
         6         Enter starting head
         7         Enter number of cylinders for partition [3..406]
   *These are usually 153 and 0 respectively.

Hard drives may be partitioned into as many logical drive numbers as there are heads. Multiple contiguous heads per partition are supported. Partitioning may also by done by cylinder. See RSHARD documentation for more details.

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RUN

Loads and executes a machine-language program.

Syntax:

   [RUN] [(X)] filespec [(parameter)] 

   X        Loads and executes without system disk

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SET

Assigns a driver/filter to a device; Creates a device to use with ROUTE, LINK, or Top

SETCOM

Sets up RS-232C communications. Establish the COM/DVR driver first with the SET command. Omitting parameters displays the current status.

Syntax:

   SETCOM [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Query      Prompts for each parameter
   Baud=n     BAUD rate; default=300
   Word=n     Word length; n is a value 5-8; default=7
   Stop=n     Stop bits; n is 1 or 2; default=1
   Parity=    OFF     Disables parity
              ON      Enables parity
              "EVEN"  Enables EVEN parity
              "ODD"   Enables ODD parity
   Even       Enables EVEN parity
   Odd        Enables ODD parity
   BREAK=n    Sets logical break character to n; default=X'03'
   Default    Returns all parameters to default values
   DTR=       Data Terminal Ready; default=ON
   RTS=       Request To Send; default=OFF
   DSR=       Data Set Ready; default=IGNORE
   CD=        Carrier Detect; default=IGNORE
   CTS=       Clear To Send; default=IGNORE
   RI=        Ring Indicator; default=IGNORE

   Note: You can specify IGNORE only with the QUERY option

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SETKI

Sets keyboard repeat values. Omitting parameters displays current values

Syntax:

   SETKI [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Query      Prompts for parameters
   Rate=      Sets key repeat rate; n is a value 1-127; default=2
   Wait=      Sets delay before repeat; n is a value 10-127; default=22
   Default    Returns parameters to default values

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SPOOL

Establishes a buffer for a device (usually the printer)

Syntax:

   SPOOL *devspec{*PR} [TO] [filespec] [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   N|OFF     Turns spooler off and resets device
   Mem=n     Sets size of the RAM buffer; n is a value 1-32
   Bank=n    Selects RAM bank; n is a value 0-30; default=0
   Disk=n    Sets n K-bytes of disk space for spooler
   Pause     Suspends output
   Resume    Resumes output after PAUSE
   Clear     Resets spooler buffer

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SYSGEN

Creates a configuration file (CONFIG/SYS) to store current system options

Syntax:

   SYSGEN [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   NO|OFF   Removes the configuration file
   Drive=   Specifies drive to store CONFIG/SYS file; default=0

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SYSTEM

Selects LS-DOS features

Syntax:

   SYSTEM (parameter) 

Parameters:

   ALIVE *             AMPM *              BLINK *        BREAK *
   BSTEP *             CKDRV +             CYL +          DATE *
   DELAY +             DISABLE +           DRIVE *        DRIVER +
   ENABLE +            FAST                GRAPHIC *      HERTZ5
   HERTZ6              LARGE               PRTIME *       RESTORE *
   SLOW *              SMALL               SMOOTH *       STEP +
   SYSRES *            SYSTEM *            SWAP +         TIME *
   TRACE *             TYPE *              WP +

SYSTEM ALIVE

Displays a changing character in the screen's upper right corner. If the character is changing, the task processor is running.

   SYSTEM (ALIVE[=YES|=NO])

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TAPE100

Allows LS-DOS to read or write TRS-80 Model 100 tapes.

Syntax:

   TAPE100 [filespec1] [TO] [filespec2] [(parameter)] 

Parameters:

   Read      Reads a file from tape and writes it to disk
   Write     Reads a file from disk and writes it to tape
   C=N       Specifies no checksum testing

If you omit information on the command line, TAPE100 prompts you

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TED

Edits ASCII text files (found only on LSDOS 6.3.1 disks)

Syntax:

   TED [filename{/TXT}] 

Commands (^ indicates CTRL, sh indicates SHIFT):

   ^A   Toggle overstrike/insert      ^L   Load text file
   ^B   Block subcommands             ^N   Next video page
         B   Mark begin               ^P   Print text
         E   Mark end                 ^Q   Query directory: [/ext]:d
         C   Copy block               ^R   Replace searched string
         D   Delete block             ^S   Search for a string
         M   Move block               ^U   Go up to previous page
         P   Print block            CLR=   Exit to DOS
   ^D   Delete                    ARROWS   directional movement
   ^F   File text to disk       shARROWS   extreme directional movement
   ^G   Go find next search match

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TIME

Sets time or enables/disables video clock display. Omitting all parameters displays the current time.

Syntax:

   TIME [hh:mm:ss] [(parameter)] 

Parameter:

   Clock=     ON   Turns on clock display
              OFF  Turns off clock display

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TOF

Sends top-of-form to printer. Some printers require the Forms filter to be active with the FFHARD parameter OFF.

Syntax:

   TOF

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TRSFORM6

Used to format hard disk drives instead of the FORMAT command. The hard drive must have been established with RSHARD6/DCT.

Syntax:

   TRSFORM6 [:d][(parameters)] 

Parameters:

   DIAG=ON|OFF    Specifies whether to lock out diagnostic cylinder 1 [ON]
   MPW=           Specifies the disk master password
   Name=          Specifies the disk pack name
   NOSTOP         Specifies to proceed with formatting regardless of the drive's
                  contents.  Use with extreme caution.
   System         If specified, causes the formatter to only rewrite the drive's
                  directory contents, effectively erasing all files on the disk.
   Verify=ON|OFF  Specifies verification after format [ON]

This command is used to format hard disk drives in lieu of the FORMAT command. It is similar to format in operation, except that drive 0 cannot be used to format a drive. The hard drive must have been established with TRSHD6/DCT prior to formatting the drive.

You are prompted for the drive number, name, and master password, if not specified on the command line. If the drive has been previously formatted you must supply the old master password or the system will abort the format.

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TRSHD6/DCT

This is the driver used for hard drives. It is installed by means of the SYSTEM command as follows:

Syntax:

   SYSTEM (DRIVE=d,[DISABLE,]DRIVER="TRSHD6") 

   disable is used only if the requested slot is already in use. The following
   questions are asked if the hard drive is being established for the first time:
         1         Enter drive select address <1-4>
         2         Enter the total number of heads on drive <1-8>
         3         Enter physical tracks per surface [3-404*]
         4         Enter step rate for drive [0-10*]
         5         Enter number of heads for partition
         6         Enter starting head
   *These are usually 153 and 0 respectively.

Hard drives may be partitioned into as many logical drive numbers as there are heads. Multiple contiguous heads per partition are supported. Therefore, a four head drive could be divided into 1, 2, 3, or 4 logical drives. Keep in mind that the total system capacity is eight logical drives. Questions 2 and 3 are not asked if a partitioned section of the same physical hard drive is to be used. Question 4 is only asked for the first hard drive in the entire system. Question 6 is asked only if relevant.

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VERIFY

Performs a disk read after each disk write to ensure that the data was written correctly.

Syntax:

   VERIFY [(ON|OFF)] 

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ERROR CODES

The following is a list of the TRSDOS/LS-DOS error codes.

00   No error
01   Parity error during header read
02   Seek error during read
03   Lost data during read
04   Parity error during read
05   Data record not found during read

06   Attempted to read system data record
07   Attempted to read locked/deleted data record
08   Device not available
09   Parity error during header write
10   Seek error during write

11   Lost data during write
12   Parity error during write
13   Data record not found during write
14   Write fault on disk drive
15   Write protected disk

16   Illegal logical file number
17   Directory read error
18   Directory write error
19   Illegal file name
20   GAT read error

21   GAT write error
22   HIT read error
23   HIT write error
24   File not in directory
25   File access denied

26   No directory space available
27   Disk space full
28   End of file encountered
29   Record number out of range
30   Directory full - can't extend file

31   Program not found
32   Illegal drive number
33   No device space available
34   Load file format error

37   Illegal access attempted to protected file
38   File not open
39   Device in use
40   Protected system device

41   File already open
42   Logical record length open fault
43   SVC parameter error
44   Parameter error

63   Extended error
--   Unknown error code

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